Transformational Leadership ( Final ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Transformational Leadership ( Final ) - Essay Example From different women Political leaders to the present day Indra Nooyi, CEO of PepsiCo Ltd, normally women leaders can bring in an element of compassion, understanding the fellow workers problems (particularly female), etc more than their male counterparts. â€Å"Women were more likely to be transformational leaders, defined as those who serve as role models, mentor and empower workers and encourage innovation even when the organization they lead is generally successful† (Eurekalert). This gender balance can also be nurtured by following correct ethics during recruitment and avoiding sexist reasons (like pregnancy period, their wardrobe, etc). Then, a kind of job reservation for women can also be implemented in the shipping companies, so that a percentage of jobs are compulsorily given only to the women. Finally, women should also be given time to meet their biological needs like pregnancy, by giving mass leave, which will result in reduced attrition rate and increased gender b alance. The emotional intelligence (EI) is the key to the success of an organization because the leader by exhibiting the EI could involve the workers more productively in the different process of the organization like the decision making process, rather than telling them what to do or not. That is, during the process of decision-making, one of the approaches the leaders with high EI will try is, putting for discussion his/ hers thoughts among the workers including the lower rung of the shipping companies, and will involve them productively. This strategy will have unexpected at the same time favorable results, because one may never know from where, when and importantly from whom a great idea could come. . â€Å"Dont tell people how to do things, tell them what to do and let them surprise you with their results† (Patton). If the workers involve themselves in the management process, they could provide valuable suggestions, and importantly will

Oceans Act of 2000 Essay Example for Free

Oceans Act of 2000 Essay From sea to shining sea, America has always been a country dependant on its coastal waters. We use the oceans and the abundant resources found in them for everything from physical exercise, food, and medicines, to a place to dump our garbage, dispose of toxic chemicals, and to travel to far off destinations. The oceans provide much for us, and without them, life on Earth would not be sustainable. The oceans are a vital resource for humankind, and sadly, we have put them in immediate danger. The majority of the population of the United States lives in coastal regions. Due to this, marine-related industries, such as fishing and shipping, play a significant role in our nation’s economy. Unfortunately, the fishing business in the United States has dwindled. Overfishing has caused the collapse of New England’s cod, flounder, and haddock fisheries. The Gulf of Mexico has what is known as a â€Å"dead zone†, (Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation S. 2327) which was likely caused by pollution from the Mississippi River. Pollution is another issue altogether†¦ Runoff from our farmlands and cities flows down our rivers into the Gulf of Mexico and contaminates the coastal areas of our southern states. Oil spills threaten our marine wildlife. Harmful algal blooms have taken over many underwater habitats. Overabundances of sediment and nitrogen from farms and factories upstream suffocate the water ecosystems of our lands. Without strict guidelines and stream-lined regulations set up to properly control our pollution problem, humans will, ultimately, destroy the oceans. The need for urgent action to protect our oceans and waterways has never been greater. Although people have attempted to investigate and lay down the groundwork for improving the condition of our oceans in the past, their attempts have not been enough. In 1966, Congress passed the Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act (Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation S. 2327), which was designed to lay out national objectives and programs regarding the oceans. Leading the commission was Dr. Julius A. Stratton, former president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. With Dr.  Stratton leading the way, along with advisors from congress including Senator Norris Cotton and Senator Warren Magnuson, the 1966 Act was a huge step forward for the country’s oceanic preservation efforts, yet for the next thirty years, it would be one of the only steps forward. The United States urgently needed to increase public awareness of the importance of the oceans to our nation. With that in mind, 1998 was declared the â€Å"International Year of the Ocean†. Spreading knowledge of the threats our oceans faced made it clear to Congress that we needed to take a second look at our ocean policies. On August 7, 2000, President Bill Clinton released a statement upon signing the Oceans Act of 2000. In it, he stated that â€Å"the legislation would establish a Commission on Ocean Policy, to make recommendations to the President and to Congress for a coordinated and comprehensive national ocean policy. † (Statement on Signing the Oceans Act of 2000) The Oceans Act itself was the law requiring the formation of a sixteen member commission, whose job was to research the issues regarding our coasts and waters and to present a detailed report on their findings, and any recommendations to solve the issues, to the President. In September 2004, the Commission introduced their final report, â€Å"An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century†, and invited public comment on their findings. The report consisted of 212 recommendations for ocean policy. Members of the Alaska Oceans Program, American Littoral Society, Gulf Restoration Network, Natural Resources Defense Council, North Carolina Coastal Federation, People for Puget Sound, Sierra Club, and The Ocean Conservancy submitted their comments on the report. Public Comment on Final Report: An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century: Pre-Publication Copy) Although there were a few changes that these groups did not agree with, the majority of the information provided in the report was met with vast approval, especially the call for the implementation of a National Ocean Council, to consolidate the numerous agencies involved in the welfare of our waterways. Since the publishing of â€Å"An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century†, President Bush called for a 13. percent increase in National Science Foundation funding for ocean sciences. (A Sea Change in National Ocean Policy? by Matt Villano) However, much of the funding promised to support the National Ocean Council has been delayed and pushed back, making it very difficult to move forward with the recommendations of the Ocean Commission. In February 2008, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, comprised of former members from the Pew Oceans Commission and the National Ocean Commission, a ssessed the nation’s progress in ocean policy throughout 2007. The grade they presented was a â€Å"C†. Funding seems to be the largest issue our nation is facing in terms of moving forward more quickly with the recommendations from the Commission, yet, as Andy Solow, director of the WHOI Marine Policy Center says, â€Å"If enough people get involved politically and on a grass-roots level, we can make significant progress in some of these areas without it. (A Sea Change in National Ocean Policy? by Matt Villano) The future of our oceans, as well as our planet, is still up in the air. Unless our priorities change, and funding is found to implement the changes needed to improve the status of our oceans, we may find ourselves on the verge of extinction.

Essay --

The idea of justice although obvious for philosophers like Locke, Rousseau, and John Rawls, proves itself to be a labyrinthine issue for Americans; nevertheless, ones thing is clear: the people are guaranteed the ability to pursue happiness. Sometimes searching for American equity juxtaposes the American Dream to the pursuit of happiness with a paralytic justice. However, justice in all forms plays a part through the governments duty; who does the government serve and protect? Despite this, opportunity continues to play a major role in correlation to the hopes and aspirations of many Americans; what freedoms to pursue happiness would Americans receive if they were striped of their rights? Justice is a means to an end-it's something done to achieve something else. It's the search for equal opportunity and protection of one's rights under the law. So then what's the destination of justice? For most people there is no destination but merely a trail or pursuit if you will. A pursuit of happiness. Happiness is a state of well being and contentment that is received alongside the individual, the community, and society. Individual justice can be seen in protecting one's rights from being infringed upon. In the case of Brown vs. EMA (2010), several parents pushed for the banning of selling violent video games to their minors. Playing violent video games is not illegal nor unconstitutional so then why should there be a fine for the sellers in correlation with every infraction? Why should the decision of one parent's lack to monitor and parent their child affect every single parent in the nation? In this case, most Americans saw their rights being infringed upon with a crippled form of justice. Individual justice is seen... ...ciety's duty to aid it's individuals and communities, who follow the law, in their quest for merriment. When man disavows opportunity cost and its intergenerational implications, they constrict the range of options available to current and future generations. In fact, the rights to liberty and the pursuit of happiness now become infringed. This becomes the duty of the sovereign: to promote equal terms to each individual within a community or more generally speaking, society. Without the balance of power offered between the government and the people, there would be no state of well being and contentment. Individual justice would be infringed through the neglect of one's rights, communal justice would't exist because there wouldn't be equal opportunity for man to thrive, and societal equality wouldn't be permitted because no one would be equal under the law.

Introduction To Financial Management

Define the terms finance and financial management, and identify the major sub-areas of finance. Finance is the study of applying specific value to things individuals own to include services used and decisions determined [Finance by Cornett, M. M., Adair, T. A., & Nofsinger J. (2014). M: Finance (2nd ed.)]. In simple words, finance is how much value is attributable to goods and services and the basis of such attribution. Financial management may be defined as the management of the finances of a business or an organization in order to achieve the financial objectives. It includes creation, effective utilization of funds to ensure the smooth functioning of the business. It encompasses planning, administration and controlling. The various sub areas of finance are:1.Investments – deals with deciding on what kinds of securities/bonds the company can buy.2.Financial management – management of finances to ensure that the financial objectives are reached 3.Financial institutions and markets – these two sub areas facilitate the raising of capital funds by the company.â€Å"What are the three basic forms of business ownership? What are the advantages and disadvantages to each† (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? The three basic forms of business ownership are sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation. A sole proprietorship is where the business is run by a single person. The advantages of this form of ownership are as follows: †¢This is the easiest form of business to start†¢This is affected least by regulations †¢There is no question of share of profits. The owner gets to retain the full share †¢The profits are taxed only once as business income. The disadvantages of this form of ownership is as follows:†¢The life of the company is limited to the life of the owner. There will be no continuity once the owner dies. †¢The capital invested in the business is limited to the resources available with the ow ner. The scope of raising external finance is limited †¢The owner undertakes the entire risk of the business†¢The liability of the owner is unlimited and may extend to his personal assets also A partnership is that form of business ownership where more than one person work together based on an agreement to share the profits and losses.The advantages are as follows: †¢More than one owner is there in business and hence the risk is shared †¢Each partner will contribute capital and hence more capital will be available †¢This is also relatively easier to start compared to a corporation †¢The income from this type of ownership is taxed once as personal income The disadvantages of a partnership is as follows:†¢The profits are shared between the partners. Hence, when compared to a sole proprietorship there is lesser profits †¢Generally, the liability of the partners is unlimited (except in the case of a limited liability) †¢ It is difficult to tr ansfer ownershipA corporation is a separate legal entity whose transactions and conduct of the business is separate from its owners. Corporations can borrow money, sue and be sued in its own name. The advantages of a corporation are as follows: †¢The liability is limited to the amount paid on stock by the investor †¢The corporation has an unlimited life†¢There is separation of ownership and management as the corporation is a separate legal entity †¢Transfer of ownership is easy †¢As a corporation, it is easier to raise capital from equity and debt marketThe disadvantages are:†¢The agency problem arises as there is separation of management and ownership †¢There is double taxation – the business income is taxed in the hands of the corporate and the dividends is taxed in the hands of the shareholders as dividend incomeDefine the terms agency relationship and agency problem, and list the three approaches to minimize the conflict of interest resu lting from the agency problem. An agency relationship is where a principal hires another person (called an agent) to carry out the work of the principal in a fiduciary capacity. In case of a corporation, the board of directors who constitute  the top management are the agents elected by the principals (stockholders) to carry on the business. An agency problem is where there is a conflict between the agent and principal in terms of functioning and in terms of interest. There are many ways to minimize the conflict of interest. However the three most important are as follows:1.Ignore the challenge on hand:This is the least preferred way of resolving the problem. The stakeholders may resolve to ignore the problem on hand. The disadvantage is that the problem continues to remain a problem and is never solved. In this case, the problem may go out of control. 2.Monitor manager’s action:The shareholders may monitor the management’s action closely to ensure that the situation is not going out of control. 3.Make manager’s take ownershipBy giving the managers a portion in the capital of the company in the form of say ESOP, the manager will also have a moral responsibility imposed on him to make decisions and act in the best interests of the company.â€Å"Why is ethical behavior so important in the field of finance† (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? A corporation is a type of ownership where the management is separated from the ownership. The shareholders are the owners who have invested their money in the form of equity capital. It is the management’s responsibility to spend the money judiciously. Since the management is handling other people’s money, ethical behavior plays a very important role in the field of finance. Some of the many famous financial scandals are: (accounting-degree, 2013) †¢Waste management scandal: This is a Houston based company which reported $1.7 billion fake earnings.†¢Enron: This wa s a Houston based commodities, energy and service corporation where the shareholders lost $74 billion dollars. †¢Worldcom scandal: A telecommunications company inflated the assets by as much as $11 billion. †¢Tyco: New Jersey based swiss security company where the CEO and CFO stole $150 million and inflated company income by $500 million †¢Satyam scandal: Indian IT services company falsely boosted revenue by $1.5 billion â€Å"Does the goal of shareholder wealth maximization conflict with behaving ethically? Explain† (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21). The most important goal of management is to ensure that there is maximization of shareholder’s  wealth. This means that over a long period of time, the value of the stock has to increase steadily so as to ensure maximum profits to the shareholders. However, there is always a question on whether the maximization goal conflicts with ethics.While the goal of wealth maximization is very important, it should not be done in an unethical way. The affairs of the company has to be conducted in such a way that it adheres to all government regulations, accounting principles and ethical standards. Examples of unethical ways to increase the wealth is window dressing, violating regulations, etc. All these cannot be cited as an excuse to ensure that the goal of maximization is reached. Introduction To Financial Management Define the terms finance and financial management, and identify the major sub-areas of finance. Finance is the study of applying specific value to things individuals own to include services used and decisions determined [Finance by Cornett, M. M., Adair, T. A., & Nofsinger J. (2014). M: Finance (2nd ed.)]. In simple words, finance is how much value is attributable to goods and services and the basis of such attribution. Financial management may be defined as the management of the finances of a business or an organization in order to achieve the financial objectives. It includes creation, effective utilization of funds to ensure the smooth functioning of the business. It encompasses planning, administration and controlling. The various sub areas of finance are:1.Investments – deals with deciding on what kinds of securities/bonds the company can buy. 2.Financial management – management of finances to ensure that the financial objectives are reached 3.Financial institution s and markets – these two sub areas facilitate the raising of capital funds by the company.â€Å"What are the three basic forms of business ownership? What are the advantages and disadvantages to each† (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? The three basic forms of business ownership are sole proprietorship, partnership and corporation. A sole proprietorship is where the business is run by a single person. The advantages of this form of ownership are as follows:†¢This is the easiest form of business to start †¢This is affected least by regulations †¢There is no question of share of profits. The owner gets to retain the full share †¢The profits are taxed only once as business income. The disadvantages of this form of ownership is as follows: †¢The life of the company is limited to the life of the owner. There will be no continuity once the owner dies. †¢The capital invested in the business is limited to the resources available with the owner. The scope of raising external finance is limited †¢The owner undertakes the entire risk of the business†¢The liability of the owner is unlimited and may extend to his personal assets also A partnership is that form of business ownership where more than one person work together based on an agreement to share the profits and losses. The advantages are as follows: †¢More than one owner is there in business and hence the risk is shared †¢Each partner will contribute capital and hence more capital will be available †¢This is also relatively easier to start compared to a corporation †¢The income from this type of ownership is taxed once as personal income The disadvantages of a partnership is as follows:†¢The profits are shared between the partners. Hence, when compared to a sole proprietorship there is lesser profits †¢Generally, the liability of the partners is unlimited (except in the case of a limited liability) †¢ It is difficult to transfer ownershipA corporation is a separate legal entity whose transactions and conduct of the business is separate from its owners. Corporations can borrow money, sue and be sued in its own name. The advantages of a corporation are as follows: †¢The liability is limited to the amount paid on stock by the investor †¢The corporation has an unlimited life†¢There is separation of ownership and management as the corporation is a separate legal entity †¢Transfer of ownership is easy †¢As a corporation, it is easier to raise capital from equity and debt market The disadvantages are: †¢The agency problem arises as there is separation of management and ownership †¢There is double taxation – the business income is taxed in the hands of the corporate and the dividends is taxed in the hands of the shareholders as dividend incomeDefine the terms agency relationship and agency problem, and list the three approaches to minimize the conflict of interest resulting from the agency problem. An agency relationship is where a principal hires another person (called an agent) to carry out the work of the principal in a fiduciary capacity.In case of a corporation, the board of directors who constitute  the top management are the agents elected by the principals (stockholders) to carry on the business. An agency problem is where there is a conflict between the agent and principal in terms of functioning and in terms of interest. There are many ways to minimize the conflict of interest. However the three most important are as follows: 1.Ignore the challenge on hand:This is the least preferred way of resolving the problem. The stakeholders may resolve to ignore the problem on hand. The disadvantage is that the problem continues to remain a problem and is never solved. In this case, the problem may go out of control. 2.Monitor manager’s action:The shareholders may monitor the management’s action closely to ensure that the situ ation is not going out of control. 3.Make manager’s take ownershipBy giving the managers a portion in the capital of the company in the form of say ESOP, the manager will also have a moral responsibility imposed on him to make decisions and act in the best interests of the company.â€Å"Why is ethical behavior so important in the field of finance† (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21)? A corporation is a type of ownership where the management is separated from the ownership. The shareholders are the owners who have invested their money in the form of equity capital. It is the management’s responsibility to spend the money judiciously. Since the management is handling other people’s money, ethical behavior plays a very important role in the field of finance. Some of the many famous financial scandals are: (accounting-degree, 2013) †¢Waste management scandal:This is a Houston based company which reported $1.7 billion fake earnings. †¢Enron: Th is was a Houston based commodities, energy and service corporation where the shareholders lost $74 billion dollars. †¢Worldcom scandal: A telecommunications company inflated the assets by as much as $11 billion. †¢Tyco: New Jersey based swiss security company where the CEO and CFO stole $150 million and inflated company income by $500 million †¢Satyam scandal: Indian IT services company falsely boosted revenue by $1.5 billion â€Å"Does the goal of shareholder wealth maximization conflict with behaving ethically? Explain† (Cornett, Adair, &Nofsinger, 2014, p. 21). The most important goal of management is to ensure that there is maximization of shareholder’s  wealth.This means that over a long period of time, the value of the stock has to increase steadily so as to ensure maximum profits to the shareholders. However, there is always a question on whether the maximization goal conflicts with ethics. While the goal of wealth maximization is very important , it should not be done in an unethical way. The affairs of the company has to be conducted in such a way that it adheres to all government regulations, accounting principles and ethical standards. Examples of unethical ways to increase the wealth is window dressing, violating regulations, etc. All these cannot be cited as an excuse to ensure that the goal of maximization is reached.

Romeo and Juliet Are Failed by Their Parental Figures, Discuss

Within the story of Romeo and Juliet the parental figures with responsibility over the children are not just the biological parents, however in the time when the play was written, this would have been normal for the rich, upper class families that the Montague’s and Capulet’s were. The parental figures over the two children change as their relationship between the two lovers develops and other events occur within their family lives.Juliet is the main focus of the changing in parental figures and this may be down to the failing of her by her nurse, at the start of the play the nurse is a vital role in her life, and Shakespeare shows this though Juliet confiding in the nurse. However, this is how the change occurs as we see Juliet feeling as she has been failed by nurse in these secretive chats. However Romeo remains with one strong figure in his life thought the play, Friar Lawrence, and although the outcomes of dramatic events this appears to remain the same thought out .Juliet and nurse have a strong bond at the beginning of the play, due to the relationship nurse agrees to help Juliet marry Romeo as nurse feels it is what Juliet really wants. However when lady Capulet wants Juliet to marry another man, late on in the play, the nurse advices Juliet to forget about Romeo and this is where the main start of Juliet feeling failed occurs.Juliet confides in her nurse for advice about Paris’ marriage proposal, but the trust between them breaks down when nurse says ‘I think you are happy in this second match, for it excels your first’ Juliet is angry at nurse for saying this as she wants the nurse to help her continue her love for Romeo. Feeling failed by Nurses lack of help she decides to go to Friar Lawrence for help, breaking her relationship with nurse.In this situation the Nurse may not have failed Juliet, as she only did what she thought was best for her, however through Juliet’s eyes, the nurse failed her by helping her with Romeo at the start but stopping when the situation developed. Juliet also feels let down by her father as he forces her to marry Paris even though she begs not to, and when she says ‘he shall not make me there a joyful bride’ meaning she will not marry Paris, he reacts angrily saying ‘Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. accusing her of treason for not wanting to do as her father commands of her. He thinks she should be proud and thankful that he has found her such a worthy husband. He is more concerned with her status, and that of his own, than he is her happiness. Juliet knows that she will get no help from her father in following her heart so she feels forced in to taking the desperate measure of faking her own death. Juliet is clearly let down by her father who should have listened to her and valued her happiness more.Romoe’s parents echo the relationship in the Capulet household between them and their children, as again their relationship is a distant one. So much so that Montague and Lady Montague don’t know what is wrong with Romeo when he is in depression over his unreturned love for Rosaline. However although they aren’t close to Romeo, he isn’t failed by his parents as there are still there for him ‘Could we but learn from whence his sorrows grow, we would as willingly to give cure as know. This is said by Montugue when he is asking Benvolio if he knows what is wrong with Romeo meaning he will put right what is wrong with Romeo if he knows what it is. So Friar Lawrence is a main parental figure though the play for Romeo throughout and for Juliet after her relationship with her nurse breaks down. Friar Lawrence really tries to help the couple. He marries them and helps Juliet develop a plan so that Romeo and Juliet can finally be together.He sends the ill fated message that never gets to Romeo and it is no failing of his that it does not reach him in time. However, despite all of his good i ntentions at the last he does fail Juliet, if he had not run away from the guards he may have been able to convince Juiet not to kill herself when she awakes from her drug induced death and finds Romeo dead beside her.In conclusion, Romeo and Juliet are let down by the parental figures in their lives. From the distant parents who care little for their happiness to the Friar and nurse who despite their love and devotion to the young people are ultimately not there for them when they need them most. Had the parental figures done a better job in supporting this young couple perhaps Romeo and Juliet would not be such a tragic love story.

The significance of narrative perspective in Melvilles Benito Cereno and Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay Example

The significance of narrative perspective in Melvilles Benito Cereno and Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay Example The significance of narrative perspective in Melvilles Benito Cereno and Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Paper The significance of narrative perspective in Melvilles Benito Cereno and Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Paper Essay Topic: Benito Cereno Literature Herman Melvilles Benito Cereno and Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself are two very different texts, both dealing with aspects of slavery in the early 19th century. The first is a work of fiction, told from a third person perspective whereas the latter: an autobiography, following the authors life from childhood to his state of affairs at the time of writing. The narrative structures in both these novels are significant within their own texts but are also interesting to compare because of the way they both portray the theme of slavery. The narrative perspective of Benito Cereno is that of Captain Amasa Delano, of the Bachelors Delight. However, he is not the protagonist of the tale, but merely a naive spectator of the events that mainly concern the eponymous Benito Cereno. His naivety is parallel to that of the first time reader. There is a mystery on board the San Dominick, one that is both obvious and yet so well hidden that it is difficult to figure out. For first time readers, this mystery is so frustrating because it seems obvious that there is something gone amiss on board the San Dominick but Delano, dismisses them so as to throw off readers from probing the truth. When Delano boards the San Dominick to help the crew, he notices Don Benitos unfriendly indifference towards himself1 and his sour and gloomy disdain. This is a strange reaction to Delanos company, which should be greeted as a form of rescue. However, Delano attributes this indifference to the effects of sickness2 and dismisses it. As a consequence, readers of Benito Cereno assume Delanos excuse as their own and also dismiss such a trivial observation. But Delano is good at making these trivial observations but instead of connecting them and drawing a conclusion, he rejects them as soon as it is noted. In the same page as the previous observation, he also notices the intimacy of Cereno and Babo. His first impression of Babo is that he is less a servant than a devoted companion3 to Cereno, often holding out his arm or handing him a handkerchief to help his master. It is this impression that has really sheltered Delano from the truth, because his perspective of the important relationship of Cereno and Babo is the foundation of excuses for everything else that occurs on the ship. Delano is truly naive in that he cannot conceive any real evil to occur on the ship. Melville narrates the story from a third person perspective, therefore creating a distance from the narrative perspective of Delano, but often, the narration agrees with Delano. However, at times, the narration takes a step back from Delano and observes his point of view (which is at times, accurate) but dismisses his interpretation of the events. One scene where this occurs is when Babo shaves Cereno. Delano witnesses this scene and observes: Altogether the scene was somewhat peculiar, at least to Captain Delano, nor, as he saw the two thus postured, could he resist the vagary, that in the black he saw a headsman, and in the white, a man at the block. 4 The narrator, though separate from Delano, is sympathetic to his perspective. However, to understand the true point of view of the narrator, particularly in the above passage, is difficult. Here, Delano sees the scene for what it truly is menacing and threatening. The rebellion is essentially, revealed in this trivial description. There is then, a sense that Delano and the narrator counters each other in order to maintain a state of naivety for the readers. Usually, the narration seems to be aware of the suspicious nature of the San Dominick, which is apparent through the revealing description throughout the novel. But if Delano starts suspecting something suspicious, the narrator turns and attributes it to Delanos own perspective. So, in the above passage the scene according to the narrator is not strange, but Delano thinks that it is somewhat peculiar. Melville is being really smart here by never corroborating the narrator with Delanos perspective, which therefore throws readers off, making it difficult for readers to grasp what is happening until Melville finally reveals the twist. The point of Delano as narrative perspective is to relate to him. In an obvious way, readers relate to him insofar as his interpretation of the mystery and assume his judgments as our own. However, the narrator holds Delano up as a model of justice and legality5. His rescuing of the crew members at the end, the recapturing of the rebel slave and the court case at the end all contributes to this idea that Delano is the representative of an ideal American in the 18th-19th century. Indeed, his actions are what were required of an American citizen under the Fugitive Slave Act of 18506. His heroic act of recapturing the rebel slaves is legitimately supported by the law. The heroism of Delano is further supported by excusing his delay in reacting because had it been otherwise some of my interferences might have ended unhappily enough7. Thus, his naivety is justified because if he had realised sooner, Babo would have killed both captains instantly. Whilst this is undoubtedly true, it is still a lame excuse for the tedious amount of time it takes for him to realise. But this too, can be likened to the state of America at the time. Melvilles ambiguity in Benito Cereno is confusing especially to the topic of slavery. Whether it supports slavery or not is so difficult to comprehend. Delano is portrayed as a model for recapturing the slaves but the slaves are just revolting against the cruel system of slavery which gives them justification. The separation between Delano and the narrator is important because it gives room for this ambiguity and such as it is, never reveals what Melville truly believes. However, the point of pro- or anti-slavery is not an issue when analysing the significance of Delanos perspective and representation. If Delano is a representative of America, then it is because Delanos naivety mirrors that of America in the 18th-19th century. Americas incapability to recognise evil when it is displayed so obviously is similar to that of Delanos gullibility. However, Delanos slow process of realisation could be what Benito Cereno is trying to achieve Americas own realisation of the true evils of slavery. There is the sense that Melville is constantly trying to give us more hints, but with Delano dismissing the clues, it is very difficult for most first time readers to realise what is really happening until the end, when Melville chooses to reveal the twist. Therefore, most first time readers can be likened to Delano in that they too, are also tricked and are victims of Babos elaborate performance. Because there is a distance from the narration and the narrative perspective of Delano, there exists a different character in the form of the narration one of whom can be truly parallel to the second time reader. The second time reader can read the narration and understand why Delano can think the way he does about certain things but also have the insight of the actual occurrences on the ship. This is why Melvilles novel is such a hugely effective it is a text that needs to read twice so that readers can truly understand why it is that Cereno is the way that he is. On first reading, the narrative perspective of Delano seems to be guiding readers to a conclusion where Cereno has joined forces with the slaves of the San Dominick and is embarking on a villainous attempt to overthrow Delano. However, it is actually Cereno who is the victim, but this is not understood until reading the text again. The significance of Delanos perspective is then, integral to the mystery of the text. As a work of fiction, Benito Cereno was written in order to engender profit. This is a creative piece of writing by Melville in order to entertain the reader and to sell. This is unlike Narrative, as the novel is a way for Douglass to tell his own story and account of the true aspects of slavery as one of the first ex-slaves to write his own autobiography. However, that is not to say that Douglass text does not involve aspects of creativity and manufacture. Autobiographies are often victims of selective memory, or creative imagination in order to create more sympathy and a better reading experience for the reader. In order to write an autobiography, the author inadvertently exercises memory and shapes it in a specific way so that the history no longer is impartial or neutral, but one that is manipulated by the authors inspiration8. In Douglass case, this unintentional influence is littered throughout the text because the point of his novel is not to sell to make a profit, but to highlight the cruelty of slavery in hope that it will contribute to the abolitionist cause. For example, the scene in which Douglass witnesses his first introduction to the cruelty of slavery (i. e. Aunt Hesters whipping) is written with elaborate and particularly moving diction with the intention of creating an evocative scene: The louder she screamed, the harder he whipped; and where the blood ran fastest, there he whipped longest9 the rhythmic flow of the sentence and the evocative language he uses is poignantly expressed and readers cant help but to feel outrage at the cruelty of the master. His rich use of language and his ability to articulate it is undeniable, but he humbles himself by stating: I wish I could commit to paper the feelings with which I beheld it10. This simple statement is both true but also a device of creativity. Because words cannot reveal the true extent of the horror, the profound emotions, associated with witnessing such a scene from a small age. Therefore, the imagination of the reader is intensified and is thus a clever writing technique that Douglass uses effectively. Even though Narrative is written in first person narrative, there is a difference between Douglass the protagonist and Douglass the narrator. Douglass as the narrator is reflecting on his life as it was and there are times when it is easy to see the difference between the naive protagonist and the experienced narrator. For example, when he recounts the songs of the slaves, he states: I did not, when a slave, understand the deep meaning of those rude and apparently incoherent songs. I was myself within the circle; so that I neither saw nor heard as those without might see and hear. 11 Douglass as the protagonist often plays a slighter role at the beginning but his importance increases as he gradually becomes the Douglass who is writing the narrative. Therefore, though he does not at that point understand the songs because he is within the circle itself and observing it as young Douglass, he can, as Douglass the narrator, truly understand the meanings of those songs. This raises an interesting point of comparison between the two novels. The way in which Douglass approaches this particular point about the perception of slave songs is comparable to the way in which Melville, or actually, Delano, perceives Babos relationship to Cereno. In Benito Cereno, Delano sometimes sees affection12 in Babos face for Cereno. This resembles the misconception that many slave owners believed about the happiness of slaves. It was speciously believed that the singing of songs whilst working showed that they were content with their situation. Douglass, on the other hand, believes that it was a testimony against slavery, and a prayer to God for deliverance from chains13. Delanos erroneous belief of Babos servitude is one that is similar to that of the larger part of Americans on the whole. It is not that Delano is being consciously racist in thinking or believing this view, but it is the culture of America at that time to have this constitutional attitude towards slavery. Douglass, in writing his narrative, is trying to teach the public what hes learnt himself through his own experiences. There is always a sense of progress from the inexperienced Douglass to the Douglass who is writing the narrative. It is as if he is projecting himself to his early childhood and living his life once again. This device, helped by certain phrases (I have now reached the a period of my life when I can give dates14), provide the readers with a similar sense of projection as if the readers themselves are being transported back in time to witness his accounts first-hand. This is a powerful tool of sympathy, which Douglass employs with effectual success. Both Douglass and Melville employ the use of a naive character in terms of narrative perspective. This has the effect of distorting the events at the time of occurrence by relating their own limited judgments. However, their naivety slowly transforms into a realisation of their own faults. With Delano, his naivety is required to maintain the mystery on board the San Dominick but it also serves as a mirror of America. Delano, so gullible and naive to the evils of slavery, finally realises his faulty belief system and can act to rectify it. This is an easy conclusion to make but it is really confusing as the evils of slavery is actually caused by the slaves themselves in Benito Cereno, but that in turn is caused by the evils of slavery as an institution. Melvilles novel is a very difficult novel to conclude. Delano is doing a heroic act, according to America, in recapturing the slaves but he is essentially, depriving them of their freedom. But Delanos significance in his naivety is important; if Melville chose to narrate the story beginning with the mutiny on board the San Dominick, the story would not be as effective, the implications of the text would be overshadowed and overall, the reading experience the revelation and understanding would be non existent. Douglass story is like Melvilles insofar as his character cannot truly recognise the significance of certain events until he reflects on them at a much later date. Douglass character however, is perhaps not as frustrating as Delanos is because Douglass young self is an empathetic and understandable character. His character can recognise the evils of slavery, not because he is a part of it, but because it is also in his nature to understand the cruelty of the institution. Delanos character does not have this inherent understanding unlike Douglass, who realises it even as a naive character though he can only reflect and analyse it once he is out of the system himself. Perhaps it can be said that both authors novels serve a didactic purpose in trying to teach America the true nature of slavery by revealing the inhumane aspect of it and portraying its cruelty. However, Melvilles ambiguity is so difficult to understand, that maybe, its safer to say only Douglass story achieves this aim.

Free Essays on Roe vs Wade

There were many cases in History that have marked milestones on today’s society. There were some that have changed the way a lot of things were run in this world according to the constitution. I am a woman so the one case that is marked in my mind would have to be the Supreme Court case, Roe vs Wade. The legal case, decided in 1973 by the U.S. Supreme Court, that held restrictive state regulation of abortion to be unconstitutional. It was a 7–2 vote the Supreme Court upheld the lower court's decision that a Texas statute criminalizing abortion in most instances violated a woman's constitutional right of privacy, which the court found implicit in the liberty guarantee of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This meant that the women indeed did have a right to choose their future. The case began in 1970 when Jane Roe (a fictional name used to protect the identity of Norma McCorvey) instituted federal action against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas county, Texas, where Roe resided. The court disagreed with Roe's assertion of an absolute right to terminate pregnancy in any way and at any time and attempted to balance a woman's right of privacy with a state's interest in regulating abortion. The court stated that only a â€Å"compelling state interest† justifies regulations limiting â€Å"fundamental rights† such as: privacy and that legislators must therefore draw statutes narrowly â€Å"to express the legitimate state interests at stake.† The court then attempted to balance the state's distinct compelling interests in the health of pregnant women and in the potential life of fetuses. It placed the point after which a state's compelling interest in the pregnant woman's health would allow it to regulate abortion â€Å"at approxim ately the end of the first trimester† of pregnancy. With regard to fetuses, the court located that point at â€Å"capability for meaningful life outside the mother's womb,† or viabili... Free Essays on Roe vs Wade Free Essays on Roe vs Wade There were many cases in History that have marked milestones on today’s society. There were some that have changed the way a lot of things were run in this world according to the constitution. I am a woman so the one case that is marked in my mind would have to be the Supreme Court case, Roe vs Wade. The legal case, decided in 1973 by the U.S. Supreme Court, that held restrictive state regulation of abortion to be unconstitutional. It was a 7–2 vote the Supreme Court upheld the lower court's decision that a Texas statute criminalizing abortion in most instances violated a woman's constitutional right of privacy, which the court found implicit in the liberty guarantee of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This meant that the women indeed did have a right to choose their future. The case began in 1970 when Jane Roe (a fictional name used to protect the identity of Norma McCorvey) instituted federal action against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas county, Texas, where Roe resided. The court disagreed with Roe's assertion of an absolute right to terminate pregnancy in any way and at any time and attempted to balance a woman's right of privacy with a state's interest in regulating abortion. The court stated that only a â€Å"compelling state interest† justifies regulations limiting â€Å"fundamental rights† such as: privacy and that legislators must therefore draw statutes narrowly â€Å"to express the legitimate state interests at stake.† The court then attempted to balance the state's distinct compelling interests in the health of pregnant women and in the potential life of fetuses. It placed the point after which a state's compelling interest in the pregnant woman's health would allow it to regulate abortion â€Å"at approxi mately the end of the first trimester† of pregnancy. With regard to fetuses, the court located that point at â€Å"capability for meaningful life outside the mother's womb,† or viabili...

An Overview of the Chinese Communist Party

An Overview of the Chinese Communist Party Fewer than 6-percent of the Chinese population are members of China’s Communist Party, yet it is the most powerful political party in the world. How Was the Communist Party of China Founded? The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) began as an informal study group that met in Shanghai starting in 1921. The first Party Congress was held in Shanghai in July 1921. Some 57 members, including Mao Zedong, attended the meeting. Early Influences The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was founded in the early 1920s by intellectuals who were influenced by the Western ideas of anarchism and Marxism. They were inspired by the 1918 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and by the May Fourth Movement, which swept across China at the end of World War I. At the time of the CCP’s founding, China was a divided, backward country ruled by various local warlords and burdened by unequal treaties which gave foreign powers special economic and territorial privileges in China. Looking to the USSR as an example, the intellectuals who founded the CCP believed that Marxist revolution was the best path to strengthen and modernize China. The Early CCP Was a Soviet-Style Party The CCP’s early leaders received funding and guidance from Soviet advisors and many went to the Soviet Union for education and training. The early CCP was a Soviet-style Party led by intellectuals and urban workers who advocated orthodox Marxist-Leninist thought. In 1922, the CCP joined the larger and more powerful revolutionary party, the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT), to form the First United Front (1922-27). Under the First United Front, the CCP was absorbed into the KMT. Its members worked within the KMT to organize urban workers and farmers to support the KMT army’s Northern Expedition (1926-27). The Northern Expedition During the Northern Expedition, which succeeded in defeating the warlords and unifying the country, the KMT split and its leader Chiang Kai-shek led an anti-Communist purge in which thousands of CCP members and supporters were killed. After the KMT established the new Republic of China (ROC) government in Nanjing, it continued its crackdown on the CCP. After the break-up of the First United Front in 1927, the CCP and its supporters fled from the cities to the countryside, where the Party established semi-autonomous â€Å"Soviet base areas,† which they called the Chinese Soviet Republic (1927-1937). In the countryside, the CCP organized its own military force, the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army. The CCPs headquarters moved from Shanghai to the rural Jiangxi Soviet base area, which was led by the peasant revolutionary Zhu De and Mao Zedong. The Long March The KMT-led central government launched a series of military campaigns against the CCP-controlled base areas, forcing the CCP to undertake the Long March (1934-35), a several-thousand-mile military retreat that ended in the rural village of Yenan in Shaanxi Province. During the Long March, Soviet advisors lost influence over the CCP and Mao Zedong took over control of the Party from Soviet-trained revolutionaries. Based in Yenan from 1936-1949, the CCP changed from an orthodox Soviet-style party based in the cities and led by intellectuals and urban workers to a rural-based Maoist revolutionary party composed primarily of peasants and soldiers. The CCP gained the support of many rural peasants by carrying out land reform which redistributed land from landlords to peasants. The Second United Front Following Japan’s invasion of China, the CCP formed a Second United Front (1937-1945) with the ruling KMT to fight the Japanese. During this period, CCP-controlled areas remained relatively autonomous from the central government. Red Army units waged a guerilla war against Japanese forces in the countryside, and the CCP took advantage of the central government’s preoccupation with fighting Japan to expand the CCP’s power and influence. During the Second United Front, CCP membership increased from 40,000 to 1.2 million and the size of the Red Army surged from 30,000 to nearly one million. When Japan surrendered in 1945, Soviet forces that accepted the surrender of Japanese troops in Northeast China turned over large quantities of arms and ammunition to the CCP. Civil war resumed in 1946 between the CCP and KMT. In 1949, the CCP’s Red Army defeated the military forces of the central government in Nanjing, and the KMT-led ROC government fled to Taiwan. On October 10, 1949, Mao Zedong declared the founding of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing. A One-Party State   Although there are other political parties in China, including eight small democratic parties, China is a one-party state and the Communist Party maintains a monopoly on power. The other political parties are under the leadership of the Communist Party and serve in advisory roles. A Party Congress Every Five Years A Party Congress, in which the Central Committee is elected, is held every five years. Over 2,000 delegates attend the Party Congress. The Central Committee’s 204 members elect the 25-member Politburo of the Communist Party, which in turn elects a nine-member Politburo Standing Committee. There were 57 Party members when the first Party Congress was held in 1921. There were 73 million Party members at the 17th Party Congress that was held in 2007. The Party’s Leadership Is Marked by Generations The Party’s leadership is marked by generations, starting with the first generation who led the Communist Party to power in 1949. The second generation was led by Deng Xiaoping, China’s last revolutionary-era leader. During the third generation, led by  Jiang Zemin  and  Zhu Rongji, the CCP deemphasized supreme leadership by one individual and transitioned  to a more group-based decision-making process among a small handful of leaders on the  Standing Committee of the Politburo. The Current Leadership The fourth generation was  led by  Hu Jintao  and  Wen Jiabao. The fifth generation, made up of well-connected Communist Youth League members and the children of high-ranking officials, called ‘Princelings,’ took over in 2012. Power in China is based on a pyramid scheme with supreme power at the top. The Standing Committee of the Politburo holds supreme power. The Committee is responsible for maintaining the Party’s control of the state and military. Its members achieve this by holding the highest positions in the State Council, which oversees the government, the National People’s Congress- China’s rubber-stamp legislature, and the Central Military Commission, which runs the armed forces. The base of the Communist Party includes provincial-level, county-level, and township-level People’s Congresses and Party Committees. Fewer than 6-percent of Chinese are members, yet it is the most powerful political party in the world.

Read the article in its entirety,then answer those qestions Assignment

Read the article in its entirety,then answer those qestions - Assignment Example tionships of good relationship employees have with their supervisors and if organizational culture is conducive, open and there is fairness (Hastings and Payne 311). However, while expressing dissent some individuals state that email should never be used as a means to express dissent while some say that email is an appropriate way if the information contains facts and figures and contains no emotional tirade (Hastings and Payne 318). These statements in the article are well quoted as they can be related to an incident that occurred in the previous workplace. A coworker responding to a supervisor used her venting out through email. As email is a medium where one cannot retrieve back the information and can be well recorded it had a negative impact on her work profile. In a similar incident, when another worker used telephone as a means of dissent he was still able to handle the controversy as he apologized and there was no record of the incident. Hasting and Payne concludes by saying that email can be used as a constructive means of inviting dissent and discussions where emotions are kept aside and there is articulation of dissents focused on improving the organization (Hastings and Payne 327). If there is a chance to work in Human Resource Department, this aspect can be applied in the professional life as well because employee engagement and feedback can help organizations reduce conflicts and increase job satisfaction amongst employees. Communication is very important to carry on the business effectively. Business Communication is very important as it the need of every organization to communicate with others to expand the course of their business. National Culture influences business communication as distinguishes the people of culture from other (Ulijn, OHair and Weggeman 300). The article explains the way how people change their views and ways of communication to deal with people belonging to different cultures. It is well known that English is an

Discuss the differences and similiraties for the characters, content Essay

Discuss the differences and similiraties for the characters, content and writing style for the Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison and - Essay Example The families are segregated and discriminated by the dominant society and pushed to take resort to isolation. It is the isolation that makes the parental characters violent, neglectful and careless to their children. In return, the children also are forced to isolate themselves from the family as well as from the society. The most haunting theme that both of the two novels contain is the association of whiteness with every sphere of a black’s life in a white dominated society. It is not a mere phenomenon of life; rather it is the prerequisite for love and romance; the standard of beauty, symbol of decency for Pecola. In the same manner, whiteness, especially, blond hair is the symbol of beauty. Since she is a fat black girl, she is in constant self-admonishment that she is ugly. Both of the two novels deal with the devastating impacts of color-based on the growth of teenage psychology as well as on the whole black community. The color-based racism misguides them to find their worth in color, that is, the beauty or whiteness of their skin. Whereas Pecola finds relief from this color-based beauty in her service a white woman’s home, Maya seeks relief and feels confidence in herself by learning to challenge the white dominance. Both of them feel that they are ugly and longs for beauty. But neither of the two can surpass the stern reality that they are black and therefore ugly by birth. Maya describes the unbearable pain of being segregated and humiliated by the whites in the following lines My race groaned. It was our people falling. It was another lynching, yet another Black man hanging on a tree. One more woman ambushed and raped. . . . This might be the end of the world. If Joe lost we were back in slavery and beyond help. It would all be true, the accusations that we were lower types of human beings. (Angelou 58) Indeed their tragic flaw lies in the fact that they taught by the society believe that beauty lies in whiteness. But when Maya learns a bout the insidious nature of racism and finds her worth in being able to revolt against this racism and learns that white beauty is nothing but the racial discrimination of the white society in which she lives, Pecola’s relief in working for the white woman dooms her further by deeply rooting the belief in her mind that she is cursed by birth and she can never have Caucasian blue eye and whiteness. Indeed Pecola blindfolded by her romantic notion of love that if she does not have the blue eye, she will not be loved, as the narrator says, â€Å"It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, and knew the sights—if those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different† (Morison 89). But she cannot perceive that the white definition of beauty and blue eye is essentially the result of racial discrimination. Therefore she further becomes vulnerable to an eternal depression. Indeed whe reas Maya gets vigorous support from her grandmother, Pecola is deprived of such familial support. In this regard, Pecola is in utter contrast with Claudia and Frieda who are mentally strong in the face of racial adversaries. They vigorously and actively take a stance against the discrimination as well as any adversaries of life. They continued to support Pecola

Technologies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Technologies - Assignment Example Recently gaming is being developed to run on web based platforms usually through cloud frameworks. All these are just but a few of the approaches the web dimension is availing to provide alternative solutions to stand alone systems. Overview The Sanix case study Sanix is a major accounting firm with that deals with auditing of accounts for both medium and small scale enterprises (SME). At the moment they rely in their distributed branches situated in major cities in United Kingdom. These branches are more specifically located in Bristol, Chester, Derby, Leeds, Westminster and London which is the company’s headquarters. At the onset of automating its accounting business, Sanix outsourced development of its accounting software from Brists Software, a company that is a major software developer for large enterprise system. The software was fully licensed to Sanix and it was to facilitate the processing of accounting figures, generate graphical reports and charts, carry out financi al analysis and keep track of all audited contracts. A copy of the software was distributed to all branches and performed its roles independently. Because the system was incorporated almost 10 years ago, Sanix have felt that the system has fallen short of addressing its new challenges. This has been greatly outweighed by new taxation policies and rates that have been introduced in the recent times by U.K government and which its legacy accounting system does not support. Furthermore Sanix have been outstretched by the accumulated data they handle that works beyond the system’s capacity which demands not only a scalable system but also a networked environment. Recently Sanix have also spread its operations to four other smaller towns in remote U.K and mangling these new centers has become rigid and cumbersome. This is accrued to the lack of real time based accounting systems. All these have created bureaucratic tendencies in how they track contracts as well as added costs in e mploying more IT personnel to support their systems from distributed points. Convectional organization of current system The diagram below describes how Sanix’s present accounting system operates Analysis of the problem From Sanix problem statement, with regards to the use of their convectional desktop based software, there are several needs that present itself. These are: the need for scalability that is the need for a system that accommodates flexibility as requirements evolve over time. Secondly is the need for control (Grove, 2009 ). This requires a system that supports a distributed operation but one which can be handled from a centralized point of view. Also the need for a cost effective solution that is affordable to acquire and maintain. Web-based Application as a solution Suitability of web based approach Web based approach comes along with immense solutions that justifies itself as the best option to Sanix’s operation challenges. These are as follows: First o f all web based applications are cross platform. This is unlike the use of traditional installed software that has to be developed exclusively on given operating system. In this case Sanix have been running their accounting software on windows XP platform (Vincent Wade, 2006). This has often forced the company to rely on window based operating systems in order for its systems’ to run. With the adoption of a web based applica

Psychology-Personality Assessment and Theories Essay - 1

Psychology-Personality Assessment and Theories - Essay Example tors include upbringing, environmental factors, physiological factors and various cognitive processes that are responsible for giving rise to a certain behaviour or trait of an individual. In order to further define personalities they are divided into psychological classifications of different people. (Engler, 2008) Personality types actually originated from different sets of personality traits and these types also signify the degree or intensity of the set of traits that characterize the personality type. The notion of personality types emerged from the theoretical works and researches of a renowned psychologist named Carl Jung. According to the Jungian theory of personality, the unconscious plays a great role in the molding and shaping the characteristics of an individual and it is the unconscious thought processes that give rise t various conscious thoughts and cognitions. (Wilde, 2011) Is theories had strong concurrences with the Freudian theory of personality, but the schism between the two theorists was their beliefs regarding the factors that constituted an individual’s unconscious and as Freud was largely focused on sexual desires and interactions between humans, whereas Jung just deemed it another component of the unconscious and not the most fundamental one as Freud thought it to be. Therefore, to illustrate this aspect of his theory, and people can easily find the class that their personality falls into by taking a simple test. There have been a number of speculations regarding the validity and reliability of these tests but they d serve their purpose in providing ample amount of insight into an individual’s personality. (Wilde, 2011 & Plante, 2010, p. 115) Jung classified various types of personalities and this theory was further developed by Katherine Myers and her daughter Isabella Briggs, and drafted out a test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator that consisted of 72 questions that enabled an individual to describe the degree of intensity

Status of Gender in the Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Status of Gender in the Society - Essay Example In our childhood, all of us must have heard the story of a sleeping beauty. How the beautiful princess had slept for a hundred years and how did she get up by the magic kiss of the very generous prince.   Though we have enjoyed this story and think of it in a very romantic way, there is a symbolism hidden in this story.   Why I am trying to refer to this fairy tale is because I want to reveal this symbolism which is related to our topic. The sleeping beauty is the symbol of the Egg in a woman’s body while the noble and brave prince is the symbol of the sperms. In the accepted norms of the society, a perfect family includes a man, a woman, and their little ones. Man and woman are the two wheels of the family vehicle. If one of them breaks, the family will collapse. So male and female both have equal importance. Though both genders are important they have their specific roles to play. In society, a woman has always been given an inferior status. There might be the biological reason also which has become responsible for her passivity. In this contest, Emily Martin has mentioned the argument of Ruth Herschberger. â€Å"Ruth Herschberger argues that female reproductive organs are seen biologically interdependent, while male organs are viewed as autonomous, operating independently and in isolation.† (Page 490, â€Å"The Egg and the Sperm: How Science has constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Role) The typical conventional attitude about the egg and sperm is that the sperm is active while the egg of the female is passive and so it is conquered by the sperm by penetrating it. The role of the genders is revealed in this quotation, â€Å"Women merely supply the matter to be shaped and a suitable container. Men are the carpenters creating a child out of the wood supplied by women.  

Media Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Anthropology - Essay Example Some advertising tries to influence the buying patterns of parents by linking love and guilt with the purchase of products. When a child is mad at a parent, a gift from the parent might make them happy again. Some parents feel that they can buy their child's affection. Children have also become very status conscious and are aware of brand-name items. As time passes it keeps happening at younger ages. Kids want other kids to like them and appearance is very important. For some reason children are led to believe that clothes from Abercrombie, Gap, or Tommy Hilfiger are better and will make them more popular than no-name brand clothes from Wal-Mart, Target, or K-Mart. A recent study found that parents spend 40 percent less time with their children than their parents did. On average, parents spend about 17 hours a week with their children, while their children spend as many as 40 hours a week using all forms of media (Ryan 44). Parents need to take practical steps to make sure that they--and not the television--are influencing their child. It can shape their reality, set their expectations, and define their values and their behavior. Every day, messages and images from the media--messages about how to behave, what choices to make, and what to think, bombard children. Children even try to imitate what they learn from television, video games, and the Internet. They're more vulnerable to these messages than adults because they haven't developed good judgment or the ability to process the information they're given yet. Since its not interactive, children get the message that they can just sit and be entertained. Children will think activities other than media experiences, particularly school, are boring if there's not a high level of stimulation and entertainment-focus. Media may also interfere with creativity. Children are not engaging in their own skills, imagination or fantasy, because they're getting their entertainment passively from a television screen. If children are watching TV instead of talking to others, they also will not develop the necessary social skills. Social expectations of femininity and masculinity are created and maintained by society based on the media. Media has provided society with a mold of how people of different genders should be and act. Many women in today's world have a low self-esteem caused by the image of a "perfect woman" broadcasted in the media. Models in magazines and product ads have been airbrushed to make the women more appealing. Millions of diet products, fashions and cosmetics have been sold to make woman feel as though they could have a better body. These products are sold because media has no regulation that requires portrayals of people or products to be honest. The images produced by the media and businesses are made to hold audiences and to sell products. It is true that people want to see beautiful people. Would a show or magazine be successful if it featured so-called ugly or average looking people Women want their bodies to be perfect, but what is this ever changing definition of perfection Is it a model on the cover of Cosmopolitan Today's women do not have enough time in a day to get their hair, nails,

Status of Gender in the Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Status of Gender in the Society - Essay Example In our childhood, all of us must have heard the story of a sleeping beauty. How the beautiful princess had slept for a hundred years and how did she get up by the magic kiss of the very generous prince.   Though we have enjoyed this story and think of it in a very romantic way, there is a symbolism hidden in this story.   Why I am trying to refer to this fairy tale is because I want to reveal this symbolism which is related to our topic. The sleeping beauty is the symbol of the Egg in a woman’s body while the noble and brave prince is the symbol of the sperms. In the accepted norms of the society, a perfect family includes a man, a woman, and their little ones. Man and woman are the two wheels of the family vehicle. If one of them breaks, the family will collapse. So male and female both have equal importance. Though both genders are important they have their specific roles to play. In society, a woman has always been given an inferior status. There might be the biological reason also which has become responsible for her passivity. In this contest, Emily Martin has mentioned the argument of Ruth Herschberger. â€Å"Ruth Herschberger argues that female reproductive organs are seen biologically interdependent, while male organs are viewed as autonomous, operating independently and in isolation.† (Page 490, â€Å"The Egg and the Sperm: How Science has constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Role) The typical conventional attitude about the egg and sperm is that the sperm is active while the egg of the female is passive and so it is conquered by the sperm by penetrating it. The role of the genders is revealed in this quotation, â€Å"Women merely supply the matter to be shaped and a suitable container. Men are the carpenters creating a child out of the wood supplied by women.  

Drug cartels and drug trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Drug cartels and drug trafficking - Essay Example Prices of heroin and cocaine have decreased substantially in the past two decades, indicating greater availability (Lyman, 2010). The efficacy of international narcotics control policies remains a major issue. Millions of Americans purchase illegal drugs, spending roughly $60 billion yearly in multiple illegal markets (Barton, 2007, 18). These drugs are damaging to the user’s overall wellbeing, productivity, decision-making capacity, and health. Furthermore, the U.S. illegal drug market makes massive profits. These profits generate resources needed by global drug trafficking organizations to successfully dodge and fight with law enforcers, to break through legal economic sectors, and, in certain cases, to defy the power of the state (Erlen & Spillane, 2004). Computed in terms of dollar value, four-fifths of the total illegal drugs purchased in the U.S. come from foreign countries, as well as majority of the marijuana, heroin, and cocaine, as reported by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in 2002 (Barton, 2007, 19). According to Hinojosa (2007), the methamphetamine market, as stated by the DEA, is supplied mostly from Mexican and U.S. laboratories while majority of †˜designer’ drugs, unlawfully traded psychotherapeutic drugs, and hallucinogens comes from the U.S. The drug industry is highly profitable and a major source of international criminal operations. As stated in a 2002 report by the State Department’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), more or less 930 tons of cocaine may have been manufactured in South America in 2001 (Barton, 2007, 19). A 2002 investigation by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime calculated the total profit of the illegal drug market in the Caribbean at $3.3 billion (Barton, 2007, 19). Not much is known about the circulation of profits from illegal drug trade, but foreign drug cartels hold substantial power over general

The Lesson by Tony Cade Bambara Essay Example for Free

The Lesson by Tony Cade Bambara Essay We all learn differently. We can learn from books, from other’s life. We can also learn the hard way and easy way. Either way, learning can be painful for all of us. Especially for children who have to experience the real life around them. The short story â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Carde Bambara, shows seven poor children who experience where they are a level of economy the hard way. Even though it hurts for the seven children to force the lesson down their throats, such lesson become the lesson that is necessary and valuable for them to change their life in the future. Bambaras short story The Lesson, starts out with seven children: Sylvia, Sugar, Junebug, Fat Butt, Mercedes, Rosie Girrafe, Flyboy, who live in a poor neighborhood. Sylvia is the main character in the story, from the way she speaks in the story; she is an uneducated child, same as the other six children who are with her at the time. Miss Moore is the educated woman in Sylvias neighborhood with the college degree. Miss Moore usually calls all the children to learn some information, such as arithmetic, money and other educated information. None of the children enjoy Miss Moores lecture when Miss Moore gathers them up at the mailbox. After the lecture, Miss Moore decided to bring the children to the expensive toy store called F.A.O Schwartz. All children are stunned at the expensive toys, especially Sylvia. Not only Sylvia is amazed, but also angry and ashamed at the same time, but not sure where she should express her anger to. Sylvia learns the hard way what kind of economic position she is in. From that lesson, she learns a way to make herself work hard to compete and survive in her economic life. The symbolism in The Lesson starts out with the mailbox that the children gather around with. Before Miss Moore takes them out to see a toy store called F.A.O Schwartz, all of the children, Sylvia, Sugar, Mercedes, Junebug, Fat Butt, Q.T, Flyboy, and Rosie Giraffe come together at the mailbox to learn a lesson from Miss Moore. A mailbox is a box where a mail can be sent or received. The children can be seen as the mail ready to be sent out to learn some new knowledge about life. Another symbol is the toys that the ch ildren observe while they are at the toy store. One of the toys is a sailboat. Sailboat is used to bring people out to the sea to travel or learn new experiences. The Sailboat represents the children being sent out to discover new experiences about life. Another toy that the children observe is the microscope. Microscope is used to see invisible bacteria. The microscope represents some kind of reminder for the children to see their real life and what kind of economic position they are in. Another symbolism is the clown toy that Sylvia admired. The toy is a clown which can be represent as a joke to Sylvia. The clown costs $35, which is expensive for Sylvia at the time. She imagined how many foods and home appliance can her family buy with that $35. The clown represent as a joke and a reminder at the same time to Sylvia economics position. Each character is represented differently in the story. In addition, the children also respond differently to the toys that they have been seeing. The main character, Sylvia, is the character who is stubborn and bad mannered. However, she can also be the clever one because she stole four dollars from Miss Moore’s taxi change. Even though Sylvia complain and criticize Miss Moore, in her mind, she realizes that she actually learn a valuable lesson after her visits to F.A.O Schwartz, only she does not want to express it to Miss Moore. In the end of the story, Sylvia mentions at the end â€Å"†¦ain’t nobody gonna beat me at nothin.† Sylvia knows that deep in her mind, she needs to work harder in order to compete against other people who are above her economic level. From the way Sylvia is angry at the store, it is clear that it is not easy for Sylvia to see where she is economically. Even though the lesson that Miss Moore gives can be a stab in the heart for Sylvia and the other children, the lesson becomes to be the valuable one for them because they will remember to work harder and change their life. In page 2001, Miss Moore gives a lecture about money and how poor they are. Sylvia, on the other hand, seems to disagree on that because she is trying to speak and talk back to Miss Moore until the taxi came. The children do not seem to respond very well to Miss Moore’s lectures. However, they respond and understand the lesson better after they experience the reality of where they are economically. The children’s characters show that even though learning a lesson can be a pain for children, it is still important for them to learn. When the children complain about not being able to buy the toys, the complaints show that they are in different level of economy. Mercedes seems to be the only ones with positive thoughts. For example, in page 2002, when they talked about  paperweight, Mercedes is the only one who mentions that she has stationery and a desk, while the others say that they do not even have a desk to place a paperweight with. Also in page 2004, Mercedes is pushes out of the group when she said she will go back to the store when she has the money. In addition, Flyboy seems the be to most poor child in the group because he mentions he does not have a home (2002). The group, however, do not seem to favor the ones who is too rich or too poor. For example, Sylvia says that the white people just want to feel sorry for Flyboy when he mentions he does not have a home. The group also pushes Mercedes out of the circle because she is the one who has enough. This show the children started to be able to discern the different level of economy, and start to see how unfair their life is in a democracy country. From â€Å"The Lesson,† we can see how hard, yet important it is for children to learn real life experiences. Bambara uses the children characters because they are the ones who have more chances to change to way economy works in the future. Even though it hurts for children to see where they are economically, especially the poor ones, by giving them a lesson, they will remember and learn what they must do to change their life.

The Nature Of Pastoral Care Theology

The Nature Of Pastoral Care Theology Pastoral care in ministry is one of the most critical ministries found within the Church. Churches are full of individuals who have or are experiencing crisis, anxiety, devoiced, loneliness, lost, grief, sadness, and family issues. These prevailing crises make available to pastors opportunities to assist these individuals mostly by just encouraging and listening to those within their faith community. In many cases, pastors involvement in these crises may only require of them to listen whereas in other the need for trained pastors in specialized ministry of counseling is required. Many individuals now-a-days continue to turn to their pastors as a first source when face with a crisis. Pastors are usually more immediately and directly accessible than some other counseling professionals they do not charge a fee, and they are every so often known and trusted within a community. Since pastors are perceived as generalist, parishioners as well as community residents often look to them for assistance in a wide range of needs, including counseling. A skill acquired by pastors from some useful classes in the area of counseling during their training in seminary as well as an important basic quarter in C.P.E. (Clinical Pastoral Education). Personally, my study in pastoral counseling has given me the necessary tools to effectively counsel my congregants. Such training has led me into the following concepts: Clinical Pastoral Periderm, which focuses on relationship and individuals; the different kinds of Listening Skill introduced by Salvage; the dynamics of Loss Grief with grief being the emotional reaction to loss; Family System Theory a self-regulatory system maintaining its own status, as well as the Family as an Emotional System along with the Eight Concepts of Bowen Theory; Congregational System Pastoral Care; Crisis Counseling which includes the A-B-C Method; Pastoral Issues in Illness; Pastoral for Domestic Violence and Child Abuse; Multi-Cultural Pastoral Care; Gender Difference in Pastoral Care; and finally, Pastoral Intimacy, Power and Professional Boundaries. Pastoral care is the foremost task of ministry by most pastors as well as a majority of congregants, yet, there is a difference relating to pastoral care and the professional discipline of counseling. Some pastors are members of the American Association of Pastoral Counseling which has what one may refer to as an expressed Code of Ethics. The same is true of the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists, American Psychological Association, etc. There are certainly many potential similarities in the relationship between pastors and professional counselors and the people they serve. All these relationships involve issues of exposure, familiarity and trust. There is an intrinsic disparity of control which some, particularly pastors, is uncomfortable acknowledging, but which exists whenever a person in distress seeks help from one viewed as more experienced. Healing is mostly a main concentration in any aiding relationship. Likewise, borderline concerns must be taken care of so as to construct the safest likely environment in which a counselee or congregant can deal with his or her pain. Nevertheless, there are a number of possible distinctions between pastoral care and professional counseling. Professional counselors are trained to understand the transference and countertransference phenomena, double task tensions, and the boundaries of our trained competency. Like professional counselors, pastors also have codes of conduct to guide our activities, which are spiritual in origin. These codes are based on religious beliefs except for exclusions concerning sexual wrongdoing; pastoral codes usually are more generalized in nature than professional counseling ethical codes of behavior. In contrast to professional counselors, pastors often engage in their ministries in a variety of informal settings with a multiplicity of roles with parishioners. Our core functions as pastors are embedded in a spiritual restraint that touches on many facets of life and society. Although training in counseling can aid pastors to work more effectively with church members, yet our calling to such profession is very distinct. In one of his many writings, Eugene Peterson called on pastors to return to our distinctive, ancient calling which states that our pastoral work is a ministry of Word and Sacrament.  [1]   People believe counseling is a great remedy. Yet many are reluctant says Hansen to see a professional counselor. Perhaps their reluctance is due to the costs of such visit besides, professional counselors ask hard questions. He continues, For me, trying to be a counselor is a mean of saving time and effort. It is a go between my peoples needs to have me do unspecific things for them rather than cautioning them to live through the thick forests of their lives by following Christ in discipleship.  [2]   This means that pastoral care is rooted in word and sacrament not having its origins in various scientifically grounded personality theories but prayer, proclamation, and the word of God. Again, Eugene Peterson emphasizes, pastors responsibility is to keep the community attentive to God.  [3]   Like pastoral care, professional counseling by a pastor is a serious business. Pastors who engage in professional counseling without being trained are treading on dangerous ground, because such is not included within the authority of their ordination. When we do away with what is the ancient activities of pastoral care and engage in professional counseling methods without the necessary training, we are then held to the same standard to that of a licensed counseling professional. Standing before the law, pastors will not have the benefit or protection they have within the ancient practice of pastoral care. Here are several shielding legal guidelines for the practice of ministry: Pastors are to be clear about the expertise offered. We are to refer to our activities in clearly religious terms, not professional counseling terms. Unless we are trained and are willing to adhere to all of the professional standards of licensed professional counselors, pastors are to stay with practices that we can identify as pastoral care. For if we hold ourselves out as professional or psychological counselor, the law of the land will treat us as one. Pastors are not to assume broader duties, which are not part of our competence or calling. Although, the distinction amid pastoral care and professional counseling are clear in many situations, in others they appear less distinct. Yet a process of reflection and discernment is needed most to identify the pastoral role. So the following need to be addressed: Whom am I called to be in this particular ministry setting? What are my sacred functions as one who has a set-apart ministry? What distinguishes my role and relationships from those of psychologists, family therapists, and specialists in pastoral counseling? Where do I set the limits and boundaries to my pastoral activities?  [4]   Pastoral Care in ministry in my estimate is the most important ministry next to the ministry of preaching of the Gospel. People who are hurting is seeking through the pastor from the Gospel a healing balm for their wounds. The Gospel itself addresses the totality of humanity: spiritual and body. When one part is addressed to the negligence of the other the total needs of that person will not be met. Pastors who are sensitive to, and addresses the hurts of members in their congregation through the appropriate counseling technique, are more likely to be successful in ministry then those who neglect these needs. To conclude, Pastoral care is a vital resource that extends to a broader spectrum of individuals with a variation of needs. This opportunity comes with what I will refer to as a wonderful challenge, however; it is necessary for those ministering to such needs, to reflect wisely on their gifts as well as to recognize their limits of their profession. Bibliography Clinebell, Jr., Howard J. Basic Types of Pastoral Counseling (New York: Abingdon press 1984) Hansen, David The Art of Pastoring ( Inter Varsity Press Downer Grove, Illinois 1994) Paterson, Eugene H. Five Smooth Stones for Pastoral Work (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand Rapids, MI 1992) Lynch, Gordon Clinical Counseling in Pastoral Settings ( Routledge New York, NY 1999) Paterson, Eugene H. Working the Angles: The Shape of Pastoral Integrity (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand Rapids, MI 1987) Ross, Kenneth. Hearing Confessions (London: SPCK Publishing, 1974) Salvage, John Listening Caring Skills (Abingdon Press, Nashville 1996) An Incident in Ministry that illustrates my Approach to Pastoral Care Luke and Nancy was the first inter-racial couple that sought membership at my present pastoral appointment, Spencer Memorial United Methodist Church. For eight years of being their pastor, I have watched them grow diligently in their spiritual walk with the Lord, but something always seems to be lacking within their relationship especially around the Thanksgiving holiday, something that they couldnt get around to talk about but was bothering them. On one Wednesday after Bible Study Nancy asked if she could schedule an appointment so that she could meet with me. Sure I responded to her, so we went ahead and set an appointment to meet an hour earlier on the next Wednesday before Bible Study. When we met following prayers on that Wednesday, Nancy begins by saying that they came to see me to discuss about the death of her father which loss she cannot seem to get rid of. The presenting problem is one in which Nancys father passed away almost immediately when she became a member of Spencer. This occurred rather suddenly after her father was diagnosed of cancer. When word reached her that her father was terminal and the doctors have given him up, she immediately went to be with her mother to assist her while they prepared for the inevitable. Two weeks later after her arrival on Thanksgiving Day, her father passed away leaving her with a sudden stricken grief that after seven years she is finding it very difficult to dealing with her feeling of loss. Recently Nancy went back home to visit her mother because her visit back home had been infrequent since her father passed away. During her visit she was beset with her feelings of loss and now she tells me that she it has been such a long since the death of her father but the pain do not seem to go away. She and her father became close after a long period of estrangement between them and she describes their relationship developing over the years into more unique friendship than that of father and daughter. She tells me that the mode of her grief varies from day to day. On those days when she is so stressed up, she feels the pain of her loss strongly especially when she cannot pick up the phone and dial her father; for her father had grown to become her best friend in spite of their past history and he had been there for her over the last few years of his life. During this whole session, Nancy pattern of speech appears normal yet she wept throughout it. But what was helpful is that we kept good eye contact during our discussion until she became emotional which minimize it. Below are statements showing that during one point of the session empathy was for the most part effective: Nancy: I guess this may sound crazy, but this past Thanksgiving, I went home and my Mom was able to convince me so that we can get rid of his clothes. Something that I said out loud to Mom that we were never ever going to get rid of his clothes because it was the only physical memory that I had of him. On Thanksgiving Day while going through his closet I could smell his distinct cologne (Kouros) on his clothes. It was too difficult; I broke down in the closet crying. Pastor: I know that it must have been hard for you, because I also lost my father to sudden stroke. Nancy: Pastor Morris, it was the hardest thing for me to do. Pastor: It takes a lot of strength to carry that through. Nancy: You can say that, it does. I break down whenever I begin to talk about him. Pastor: You miss him Nancy: Yes Pastor, I miss him so much (she begins to openly sob). Nancy was referring to the feelings of her loss that never seems to go away after seven years. My intent during this session was to reflect on those feelings. In addition, she was critical of herself in the early part of our session for not having moved beyond her feelings of loss. At this point in the session, I became aware of how much she was hurting. It is very important that pastoral wisdom include some general knowledge of grief and mourning process that is informed by those who have done researched and written about it. One of the most influential interpretations of the grief process for me has been Erich Lindemanns study called Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief,  [5]  in it he affirmed grief as work, something necessary for life rather than something pathological that should be avoided. He also described five things that he had observed in acute grief: (1) guilt, (2) anger, (3) bodily distress, (4) being preoccupy with the deceased image and, (5) loss of customary of patterns of conduct.  [6]   Lindermann theorized that there are discernible stages in the grief process that the grieving person and those who care for that person should be aware of. Recently when Nancy visited her parent home she was overwhelmed with renewed emotions of loss, perhaps as new as they were seven years ago when her father passed away. Furthermore, she expressed her frustration in still undergoing such strong feeling of grief when so much time has passed. This displeasure could be viewed as her inclination to move in an affirmative direction toward healing, and it was her self-actualizing tendency that was seeking to express it. A likely hypothesis as to why Nancy has not moved past her present stage of grief might be that in her societal system the essential conditions that would allow her to discover the know-how in order to process her grief does not exist. She may also have family members in her family that deal with pain differently by discouraging open expression of emotions. If such be the case, then providing empathy might permit her to move past most of the pain that she was experiencing. The below example shows during the session, where the grief focus was shifted: Nancy: I was in denial when the news first hit me that my father was terminal. I got on the next available flight for Dallas. I went down immediately to be with him. Two weeks after my arrival he passed away. Pastor: That was fast. And it seems that you possess lots of pleasant memories of your father Nancy: Yes I do have a lot of good memories, but the hardest thing is the emptiness brought about by the loss. In this example, she described her experience of losing her father. In response, I attempted to direct her focus on the good memories that she had of her father, rather than she dwelling on her loss. However, it seems to me that her focus was on her feelings of emptiness; it was when I regain control of the situation and saidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Pastor: Nancy, as a pastoral counselor, I certainly am open to the grieving process for those who had lost a loved one but not for such a long period. However, I must honestly say that there is more to the grief that you are undergoing. Even though you have not explain what brought about your estrangement with your parents which may have something to do with prolonged grief. Nancy: (Sobbing againà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) you are right pastor. 17 years ago after falling in love with Luke in College I took him to ask for my parents blessing because we had decided to get married since we were three months pregnant. Not telling them that he is an African American, we drove to my home time in Dallas Texas during our Christmas break. When we arrived, my parents did not receive Luke and forbid me to get marry to him. Because we love each other and were caring a child I went against their decision and got married to Luke thus being banished or ostracized by my parents. In view of this new revelation, I decided to reference the family- systems theory which offers better ways to understand and resolve such problem. For instance: From a Bowenian family-systems perspective, there have been some key emotional cutoffs  [7]  in Nancy family system when she was banished. Its not entirely clear how these things work, but family-therapy research indicates that Nancy present dilemma is somehow connected to this cutoff; moreover, it is only by repairing it and reconnecting with the long-lost, left-behind, and thrown-out members of her family that her presenting problem  [8]  will resolve itself. Therefore, one aspect of a treatment plan recommended would involve my counseling her toward a self-differentiated  [9]  balance between these two extremes (guilt and grief). Finally, Nancy realized that her prolonged grief was because of her guilt after shifting her guilt back and fro.  [10]  I believe my ability to provide empathy  [11]  through reflection was my strength. What was of greater substance was my ability to offer advanced empathy, moving away from her stated words to the indirect emotions beyond her words.